PV function
Summary
Returns the present value of an annuity or investment, based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
Syntax
PV(rate, nper, pmt, [ fv, [ type ]])
The PV function has these named arguments:
Part
Description
rateRequired. Double specifying interest rate per period. For example, if you get a car loan at an annual percentage rate (APR) of 10 percent and make monthly payments, the rate per period is 0.1/12, or 0.0083.
nperRequired. Integer specifying total number of payment periods in the annuity. For example, if you make monthly payments on a four-year car loan, your loan has a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
pmtRequired. Double specifying payment to be made each period. Payments usually contain principal and interest that doesn't change over the life of the annuity.
fvOptional. Variant specifying future value or cash balance you want after you've made the final payment. For example, the future value of a loan is $0 because that's its value after the final payment. However, if you want to save $50,000 over 18 years for your child's education, $50,000 is the future value. If omitt
Part
Description
rateRequired. Double specifying interest rate per period. For example, if you get a car loan at an annual percentage rate (APR) of 10 percent and make monthly payments, the rate per period is 0.1/12, or 0.0083.
nperRequired. Integer specifying total number of payment periods in the annuity. For example, if you make monthly payments on a four-year car loan, your loan has a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
pmtRequired. Double specifying payment to be made each period. Payments usually contain principal and interest that doesn't change over the life of the annuity.
fvOptional. Variant specifying future value or cash balance you want after you've made the final payment. For example, the future value of a loan is $0 because that's its value after the final payment. However, if you want to save $50,000 over 18 years for your child's education, $50,000 is the future value. If omitt
Example
Example
In this example, the PV function returns the present value of an $1,000,000 annuity that will provide $50,000 a year for the next 20 years. Provided are the expected annual percentage rate (APR), the total number of payments (TotPmts), the amount of each payment (YrIncome), the total future value of the investment (FVal), and a number that indicates whether each payment is made at the beginning or end of the payment period (PayType). Note that YrIncome is a negative number because it represents cash paid out from the annuity each year.
Dim Fmt, APR, TotPmts, YrIncome, FVal, PayType, PVal
Const ENDPERIOD = 0, BEGINPERIOD = 1 ' When payments are made.
Fmt = "###,##0.00" ' Define money format.
APR = .0825 ' Annual percentage rate.
TotPmts = 20 ' Total number of payments.
YrIncome = 50000 ' Yearly income.
FVal = 1000000 ' Future value.
PayType = BEGINPERIOD ' Payment at beginning of month.
PVal = PV(APR, TotPmts, -YrIncome, FVal, PayType)
MsgBox "The present value is " & Format(PVal, Fmt) & "."
In this example, the PV function returns the present value of an $1,000,000 annuity that will provide $50,000 a year for the next 20 years. Provided are the expected annual percentage rate (APR), the total number of payments (TotPmts), the amount of each payment (YrIncome), the total future value of the investment (FVal), and a number that indicates whether each payment is made at the beginning or end of the payment period (PayType). Note that YrIncome is a negative number because it represents cash paid out from the annuity each year.
Dim Fmt, APR, TotPmts, YrIncome, FVal, PayType, PVal
Const ENDPERIOD = 0, BEGINPERIOD = 1 ' When payments are made.
Fmt = "###,##0.00" ' Define money format.
APR = .0825 ' Annual percentage rate.
TotPmts = 20 ' Total number of payments.
YrIncome = 50000 ' Yearly income.
FVal = 1000000 ' Future value.
PayType = BEGINPERIOD ' Payment at beginning of month.
PVal = PV(APR, TotPmts, -YrIncome, FVal, PayType)
MsgBox "The present value is " & Format(PVal, Fmt) & "."